Essay Microsoft Monopoly - 904 Words

Microsoft Monopoly This paper will show my opinion of Microsoft being branded a monopoly. I feel this example shows supply and demand in addition to monopolistic competition. This entire ordeal is over a free browser that Microsoft includes with windows for free and gives out on the internet for free just as Netscape and most other browser companies do. The government feels that Microsoft is creating a demand purely for their products by forcing its browser on suppliers and controlling prices. I have yet to see where Microsoft is charging extraordinary prices for any of these free programs nor do I see how Netscape, in using the governments definition, a monopoly itself, is being forced out of business by Microsofts free†¦show more content†¦Other reasons easily explain how Microsoft came about to its size and how new companies constantly spring up in the computer industry. Computer software is a very volatile industry. To succeed in this industry all you basically need is a good program and a way to offer it for sale. All they have to do is make a program and copy it on a disk. Since making an extra disk containing the program costs all of 2 cents, it is more costly for the software company to print the box and manuals, than it is to make one extra disk. But it does cost Microsoft to develop a new program. No matter how cheap a disk is, capital investment such as salaries, factories, storage, and programmers always exist. Even though development costs are sunk and additional production costs are nonexistent, other costs are incurred. Besides, supply and demand determines where a price will fall. Another thing about the computer market is its ever-changing program market. For all we know, anyone literate in programming may develop a better program than Windows. If consumers like it, we may soon find another browser monopolist. For reasons similar to this, computer industry leaders have vastly changed in just a few years. At times Apple, IBM, Intel, Net scape, ATT and even Commodore, have or had large, sometimes monopolist-like markets. Characteristics of monopolies that cause trouble are (1) restriction of output, (2) higher prices along with thisShow MoreRelatedIs Microsoft a Monopoly?1167 Words   |  5 PagesMicrosoft Monopoly Corporation Samantha F. Grinvalds DeVry University The Microsoft Corporation has lead people believe that they were attempting to gain monopoly power in the computer operating systems market. A monopoly market structure consists of having one firm that has control of the resources and market by selling a unique good that has no available substitutes, in which; make it very difficult for others to enter into this market. In America, we enjoy a free market rather thanRead MoreIs Microsoft a Monopoly Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesIs Microsoft a monopoly or not? In order to understand if Microsoft is a monopoly one must first know the definition of a monopoly. A monopoly is a firm that is the sole seller of a product that has little or no substitutes. This automatically should arouse many thoughts in the minds of â€Å"us† as consumers. For all these years have we been monopolized by a producer of a product just because there were limited sources in the same fields? Yes and no should be the floating answer. Microsoft for yearsRead MoreMicrosoft: on Anti-Trust and Monopolies1278 Words   |  6 PagesMicrosoft: On anti-trust and monopolies (or How A Linux User Can Court Ostracism) Introduction In 1890, the US Congress passed the Sherman Act. Further, the Clayton Act was enacted in 1912. This was followed by the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936. These antitrust laws prohibit agreements in restraint of trade, monopolization and attempted monopolization, anticompetitive mergers and tie-in schemes, and, in some circumstances, price discrimination in the sale of commodities. Thus, the goals ofRead More The Microsoft Monopoly Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Microsoft Monopoly I. Introduction United States vs. Microsoft is one the largest, most controversial antitrust lawsuits in American history. Many claim the government is wrongly punishing Microsoft for being innovative and successful, arguing that Windows dominates the market because of the product’s popularity, not because of malpractice by the parent company. Others argue in favor of the government, claiming that Microsoft’s practices conflict with the free market ideal. There areRead More The Microsoft Monopoly Issue Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Microsoft Monopoly Issue The best position on the Microsoft monopoly problem is one best for the general public, those who are and will be using Intel-PC products. This position is in opposition to Microsoft and to support the State and the public. This will consequently give the public better choice, thereby keeping the price of the product down and benefiting the general public. To understand why this position is the best choice two simple questions must be answered. The first is,Read More Microsoft: Thank Goodness it is a Monopoly Essay639 Words   |  3 PagesMicrosoft: Thank Goodness it is a Monopoly Many people, with the government are trying to label Microsoft as a monopoly. Why is there any delay going around doing that? There is no reason to brand Microsoft as a monopoly. There is part of monopolistic competition and supply-demand acting on this case. The whole trial is about the free internet browser, Internet Explorer, that Microsoft gives out free and includes with its Operating system, Windows. Netscape does the same marketing ofRead MoreCase Study Economics- Microsoft and Monopoly808 Words   |  4 PagesMicrosoft and Monopoly Case Study of Strategies used by Microsoft to leverage its monopoly position in operating systems in Internet Browser market Introduction: Microsoft has monopoly in PC operating systems, Windows operating systems which are used` in more than 80% of Intel based PC’s. This market has high technological barriers. Threat to Microsoft is not from new operating systems but from alternate products such as browsers, which are new softwares that can be used with multiple operatingRead MoreMicrosoft and How Its a Monopoly Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesMicrosoft and How Its a Monopoly Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft’s monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher price and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped. While Microsoft and its supporter’sRead MoreEssay From Railroads to Microsoft: Monopolies in America962 Words   |  4 PagesBy definition a Monopoly is exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices (Monopoly 2012). Individuals are often time fearful of a company or industry becoming a monopoly because it would control too much of a market share, and do whatever wants; this includes raising prices, to using excess capital to branch into even more areas (Rise of monopolies 1996). The market structure of a monopoly is characterized by; a singleRead MoreMicrosoft: An Examination of Monopolies1023 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Microsoft: An Examination of Monopolies Introduction This paper examines the nature of monopolies and the anti-trust policies developed by the government to discourage them. It specifically considers Microsoft and the case brought against it by the Federal government to prevent its becoming a software monopoly. In many cases, the government is justified in pursuing such anti-monopoly policies to protect competition and by extension the consumer. There are some instances, however, when allowing

Trojan Ad Free Essays

Magazine advertisements spend millions of dollars each year in order to develop ideas to convey their message or to sell their products in today’s society. The many different views and values in society lead to various marketing ideas that capture the attention of many individuals, otherwise known as, the consumers. It is important to remember that the diverse preferences of the audience are taken into consideration when devising a marketing plan that would appeal to a wide range of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Trojan Ad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trojan, a company that focuses on the sale of contraceptives, spends millions of dollars each year to sell their products. In their most current advertising campaign, Trojan is trying to sell their newest brand of condom, Evolve. For this particular campaign, the marketing individuals promoting this product decided to show the differences between men and pigs by implying that men who use Trojan are considered to be true gentlemen while men who do not are regarded as pigs. While it seems that Trojan is suggesting the message of cleanliness by the usage of their condom, nonetheless, they themselves are not â€Å"clean† because of the message that they are conveying. The message behind the Evolve advertisement is to show the perceptions of men when they use or do not use Trojan brand condoms. The message behind this advertisement is to show that if a male uses their brand name condoms, he is considered as a â€Å"clean† and respectable individual, unlike a pig, which is usually associated with â€Å"dirtiness†. The different characters in this campaign reveal the hidden meaning that the use of Trojan brand condoms would not damage or ruin a man’s reputation of being â€Å"honorable†. The setting of the advertisement is placed at a beach, with a rather warm weather; therefore attracting people to its warmness. The attendance of the beach consists of six females, one male, and ten pigs. The females, who are all wearing revealing bathing suits, are each being prowled by pigs. In the foreground, a female is sitting on a folding chair reading a book entitled, No Time for Swine, whilst on her right side there is a naked pig which seems to be whispering something into her right ear. Also in the foreground, there is a female trying to get a natural tan by lying on a towel on the sand, as a naked pig is taking a photograph of her with his cellular phone. Behind her is another female who is preparing to serve a volleyball, and at the same time being watched by two naked pigs. On the left middle ground of the advertisement is another female and a naked pig squirting sunscreen onto her back. In the background, a naked pig is pursuing after a female in the water. There are several other naked pigs floating and surfing in the water. One other pig is sitting under an umbrella and spying on the females with a pair of binoculars. The expressions on each of the irritated and disgusted faces of the females show that the male pigs are not welcomed. Finally, in the center of the image, there is a couple, a man and a woman, holding hands and walking on the sand. Their backs are facing toward the audience. The major difference between this couple and all the others is because of the female and male relationship. Below the image are the words: â€Å"Evolve. Use the most trusted name in condoms every time. † followed by the logo name, Trojan ® Brand Condoms. With this representation of their product, what first comes to mind? Most importantly, what is the precise message that Trojan is aiming at the audience with their advertisement? Trojan is portraying society and media in all stereotypes. As will be mentioned, Trojan is revealing the idea and image of a â€Å"perfect† body type. Their view of a perfect and beautiful person is portrayed in their advertisement as tall and skinny. Trojan portrays their consumers as only beautiful, when in fact today’s society consists of all shapes and body sizes. Trojan is promoting the idea that â€Å"sex sells†, by exploiting the women as objects of sexual behaviors, and promoting the idea of sex itself. They assume that their consumers all engage in sexual behaviors and therefore are required to purchase their product. They also assume that once you use their product, the male will gain the trust of the female. However, numerous interpretations can be drawn from this description of their advertisement. Is Trojan aiming to promote the usage of their condom, Evolve? Or are they exploiting women by means of their representation in the advertisement? Are men really â€Å"evolved† after the usage of their product? Each of these questions can be answered with multiple analyses. First of all, the advertisement portrays men as pigs if they do not use Trojan condoms. This can be seen by the representation of only one male versus the ten pigs in the whole of the image. The connotation of the word â€Å"pig† suggests that they are dirty, fat, lazy, perverted, and irresponsible. This is contradictory of the view of â€Å"man†, whom in this advertisement, is portrayed as clean, handsome, masculine, sociable, and responsible. Compared to the pigs, the man is welcomed and accepted by the female. The pleasant and content face of the female suggests that she is comfortable with holding hands with the male and welcomes his presence. The other females in this campaign have a miserable facial expression because they have a â€Å"dirty†, perverted pig prowling next to them and invading their personal space. The word â€Å"swine† from the title of the book, No Time for Swine, refers to stout and short-legged animals such as pigs. The title suggests that the female is not interested in committing her time to that type of person. She is more willing to spend her time with a real man, such as the one on the cover of the book. However, it is instinctual for the viewer to compare and contrast man and pig at first glance. What if the man in the advertisement encompasses the same intentions as the pig? Is it possible to detach the idea of a dirty sexual being to a separate and thoughtful individual? Another observation that can be made about this campaign is the manner in which the marketing individuals represent the women. The purpose of the women is to exploit them for the intention of the objectification of the product. Each female is wearing a revealing bathing suit in order to be used as an object to absorb the viewers in. The woman who is trying to get a tan is in a position that is similar to when one is preparing for sexual intercourse which gives the image of tenderness and readiness. Also, the female seems to be pulling on the knot of her bikini bottom, which gives the impression that she is ready to take them off. The woman who is being squirted with lotion by another pig also gives the impression of a sexual act, such as ejaculation. The facial expression that is being displayed on her face tells us that what the pig is doing is considered as revolting and unwanted. This represents a male who has discharged on a female when he did not use a condom; therefore the male is unable to protect her and is considered to be a pig instead of a man. The women epitomize the idea of safe sex. From previous observations, the women are discontent with the beings around them. The females do not trust the pigs because the pigs are not â€Å"safe†. In this case, not being safe means not using their condom. This brings in the question of the trustfulness of man and the product itself. A man who chooses to use a condom shows that he can be trusted and is believed to be responsible. The words that appear on this advertisement: â€Å"Evolve. Use the most trusted name in condoms every time. † is declaring a statement that if an individual uses condom, Evolve by Trojan, then he will be â€Å"evolved† from a pig to a man and is â€Å"trusted†. This infers that if you use the trusted name brand of condoms then women would be willing to entrust them with themselves. The thought that they will be safe and unharmed from any type of sexually transmitted diseases makes the woman feel protected. However, the representation of the advertisement comes into question. If their product is â€Å"most trusted†, what is the validity in their product when they portray women and men in such a manner? As it can be seen in the advertisement, the women and man portrayed here are all considered to be beautiful, according to today’s standards. All of the females and male have approximately the same body shape and type, tall and skinny. Although the initial impression of the advertisement asserts the idea of becoming a beautiful being, Trojan also seems to be only marketing to a certain type of people. This conveys a message to the viewers that only people who are beautiful are allowed to use this product. Men, who are stout-like and short, as conveyed through the pigs, are not considered as real men who do use condoms. Consequently, this advertisement exposes the idea of body image: only beautiful people use the Trojan condoms. If Trojan portrays man as an animal, then it shows the implication that Trojan themselves have not yet â€Å"evolved† from their ideas. If they are able to come up with ideas such as these to convey to the audience, it shows that they have not yet evolved from being a â€Å"thoughtless seller† to a more evolved â€Å"inventor† to capture the attention of their consumers. Their idea of marketing to the audience is by using the theme of â€Å"sex sells†. If we are able to transform from such implications and move on to new ideas that better portrays society, then we are able to evolve into a new level. Every day, many industries are trying to develop new ideas to convey their messages or to sell their products to the consumers in the market. Some of these advertisements are sold to numerous magazines and television stations. Whoever the viewers may be, they all range from different ages, cultures, and body types. In order for a company to be considered as â€Å"evolved†, such as understanding their own view and also the consumer’s view, they first have to discover their reasons as to why and whom they are portraying their message to. They have to first realize that their promotion will not be judged on a first look, but also pertaining to its hidden significance. If they claim their product is a certain way, such as Trojan has claimed, then they should be responsible to uphold their reputation as a well as to how they have portrayed their advertisement as a whole. How to cite Trojan Ad, Papers

Endocrine Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Endocrine Case Study. Answer: Glycated hemoglobin, commonly referred to as HbA1c has been used as an indicator of how well blood sugar is being controlled over a longer period of time. Average glycemia or blood sugar levels over a period of about 12 preceding weeks are measured with the help of HbA1c, which is essentially the non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin (Nathan, McGee, Steffes, Lachin, Group*, 2014). Ms. LK has a higher than normal value of HbA1c at 7.6%. This could put her at risk of complications that arise from high blood sugar. In order to lower this value she has to exercise better control on eating consistently. The amount of food intake at each meal has to be monitored in order to avoid hypoglycemia on one hand and control fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels on the other. The regular exercise regimen at the gym has to be supported by an active life style (Horton Subauste, 2016). The counting of carbohydrates is necessary at every meal. This will allow the insulin to keep blood sugar levels within the normal range. Ms. LK will be advised to be follow the diet, exercise and medication recommendations diligently. Non-adherence to diet, exercise and medication regimen can severely risk her health. Hyperglycemia due to consumption of high sugar foods can trigger another episode of ketoacidosis and put the patient's health to risk. Hospitalisation in the intensive car e unit may be required to stabilize the various parameters of health, such as, blood glucose, insulin dose, potassium levels in blood, restoration of pH of blood and dehydration. Long term impact of hyperglycemia or uncontrolled blood sugar on various organs- eyes, kidneys, peripheral vascular disease, cardiovascular disease, poor foot health, eye disease, kidney disease and several complications could result. Skipping meals after taking an insulin dose could cause hypoglycemia which can cause low energy. Choosing meals that contain high amounts of carbohydrates can jeopardise patient's health. Sugar sweetened beverages can cause hyperglycemia. Intake of alcohol can cause hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. Even occasional indulgence should be avoided. Because development of ketoacidosis can be life threatening. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis is required for correction of fluid loss and this is done with intravenous normal saline. The hyperglycemia is corrected with insulin and electrolyte disturbances are corrected by giving potassium intravenously. If correction of acid-base balance is required infusion of sodium bicarbonate may be given. The administration of normal saline given to correct dehydration may be enough to correct acidosis. Ms. LK may not be discharged unless she can be returned to her usual insulin regimen with no evidence of recurring ketosis. When tests confirm a pH of more than 7.3 nd when bicarbonate exceeds 18mEq/L, patient can be returned to an oral diet and subcutaneous doses of insulin can be resumed. Long acting insulin is given to patients who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the symptoms of ketoacidosis appeared (Hamdy, 2017). Ms. LK has been prescribed a dose of Novorapid 6 units before breakfast and 2 units before the evening meal. Additionally she has been given Mixtard 30/70 12 units before breakfast and 4 units before the evening meal. While Novorapid is recombinant human insulin of the fast acting type, Mixtard is a mix of the rapid acting soluble insulin and the longer acting 'isophane' that acts over several hours. This allows the patient to consume carbohydrates for several hours after the injection and remain protected from high blood glucose levels. Since the duration of release is several hours during the day, the patient can consume carbohydrates and still remain protected from hyperglycemia. Exercise improves the ability of insulin to transport glucose in the cells for oxidation and release of energy. Intake of carbohydrates does not raise blood glucose due to injection of insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (/mixtard.html, 2017). There are several causes other than consuming too many carbohydrates that can cause hyperglycemia. Infection or any illness that causes release of adrenaline or cortisol can cause hyperglycemia, because both these hormones interfere with insulin function. A diabetic ketoacidosis can result during pneumonia or urinary tract infections. At times, patients may miss dose of insulin and this can trigger an episode of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Patients with alcohol dependence or substance dependence, particularly cocaine are also likely to suffer from ketoacidosis. Sudden emotional or physical trauma, heart attack and medications, such as, corticosteroids and certain diuretics are known causes of ketoacidosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes are sometimes diagnosed with hyperglycemia for the first time due to ketoacidosis (/Causes.aspx, 2015). Hyperglycemia in diabetes type 1 and type 2 makes it likely for the patient to suffer from microvascular and macrovascular complications that can cause foot injury and eye disease. Macrovascular complications occur due to formation of advanced glycated products, oxidative stress and low grade inflammation (Chawla, Chawla, Jaggi, 2016). Diabetic patients who have had the condition for a number of years are likely to suffer from poor foot health. Foot ulcers in diabetic patients may occur when a wound below the ankle is of a non-healing or poorly healing type. Foot gangrene may occur if tissue death or decay occurs due to an ischemia of foot, this is usually evidenced by a Doppler test. Deformity, dislocation, destruction or subluxation occurs when a bone, joint or tissue of the ankle or foot is/are inflamed. This is usually accompanied by neuropathy that may or may not be preceded by trauma. In severe cases foot amputation may be necessary (Al-Rubeaan, et al., 2015). Peripheral vascular disease usually affects blood vessels of the lower extremities. Due to atherosclerosis, risk of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease are high among diabetes patients (Thiruvoipati, Kielhorn, Armstrong, 2015). References /Causes.aspx. (2015, April 23). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/Pages/Causes.aspx /mixtard.html. (2017, March 2). Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com: https://www.drugs.com/uk/mixtard.html Al-Rubeaan, K., Derwish, M., Ouizi, S., Youssef, A., Subhani, S., Ibrahim, H., Alamri, B. (2015). Diabetic Foot Complications and Their Risk Factors from a Large Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One, 10(5): e0124446. Chawla, A., Chawla, R., Jaggi, S. (2016). Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 20(4): 546551. Hamdy, O. (2017, March 23). /118361-treatment. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118361-treatment Horton, W., Subauste, J. (2016). Care of the Athlete With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Review. InternationalJournalof Endocrinology Metbolism, 14(2): e36091. Nathan, D., McGee, P., Steffes, M., Lachin, J., Group*, D. R. (2014). Relationship of Glycated Albumin to Blood Glucose and HbA1c Values and to Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes, 63(1): 282290. Thiruvoipati, T., Kielhorn, C., Armstrong, E. (2015). Peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and outcomes. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(7): 961969.